Twenty new Records of Algae in some Springs around Safeen Mountain Area
Keywords:
Species, Non-diatom algae, Phytoplanktonic and Tychoplanktonic algae, Epilithic, Epipelic
Abstract
This study was carried out in 2015-2016 within Erbil governorate. A total of 151 algal species were identified from 8 divisions, 9 classes, 24 orders, 37 families and 72 genera. The majority of species were belonged to Chlorophyta with 68 species (45.033%), followed by Cyanophyta with 46 species (30.463%), Euglenophyta with 18 species (11.92%), Chrysophyta with 12 species (7.947%), Charophyta with 3 species occupied (1.987%), Rhodophyta with 2 species (1.32%) and each of Cryptophyta and Pyrrophyta with one species occupied (0.662%). Among them, 20 species and 6 genera are new records to Iraqi flora viz.: Komvophoron constrictum, Nephrocytium agardhianum, Lepocinclis fusiformis, Petalomonas sp., Heteronema acus, Peranema trichophorum and Chilomonas paramecium were recorded as new to the Iraqi algal flora.
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References
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[11]. Aziz, F.H. and Maulood, B.K. (1999). A New Attempt for Publishing Keys of Taxonomy 4- Identification of Blue-green algae (Chroococcales and Chamaesiphonales). J. of Pure and Appl. Sci., Dohuk Univ., Iraq, (First Scientific Conference), 2(2): 231-255.
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[23]. Ganjo, D.A. and Aziz, F.H. (1999). Limnology and phytoplankton ecology of Korre and Shaqllawa watercourses, Erbil, Iraq. 1- Water mineralization and nutrient status relations. Sci. J. of Duhok University-Special Issue. The first scientific conference of Dohuk University, 2(2): 213-230.
[24]. Goran, S.M.A. (2006). Limnological and non-diatom phytoplankton composition of Dilope spring and Kasnazan impoundment. M.Sc. Thesis. University of Salahaddin-Erbil.
[25]. Guest, E. (1966). Flora of Iraq. Vol. 1. Baghdad: Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Iraq.
[26]. Hamadamen, A.R. (2015). Eco-Phycological study of the Qandil mountain streams/ Sulaimani. M.Sc. Thesis. University of Salahaddin-Erbil.
[27]. Hama, R.H., Hamad, R.T. & Aziz, F.H. (2014). Climate change in relation to rainfall and temperature in Erbil province, Kurdistan, Iraq. Tunisian Association of Digital Geographic Information, 8th international congress, Geo Tunis, 2-6 April.
[28]. Hinton, G.C.F. and Maulood, B.K. (1980). Freshwater red algae, a new addition to the Iraqi algal flora. Nova Hedwigia, 33: 487-497.
[29]. Ibrahim, A.M.K. (1981). A study on the algal ecology of springs in Sulaimany province. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Sulaimany, Iraq.
[30]. John, D.M., Whitton, B.A. and Brook, A.J. (2011). The Freshwater Algal Flora of the British Isles: An Identification Guide to Freshwater and Terrestrial Algae. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, New York.
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[32]. Kolbe, R.W. and Krieger, W. (1942). Süßwasseralgen aus Mesopotamien und Kurdistan. Ber. Dtsch. Bot. Ges., 60: 336-355.
[33]. Komarek, J. and Anagnostidis, K. (2005). Cyanoprokaryota -2. Teil/2nd Part: Oscillatoriales. Elsevier/Spektrum, Heidelberg, 759 pp.
[34]. Maulood, B.K. and Hinton, G.C.F. (1978b). Observations on the algal flora of Sulaimani area: 1- Green and blue-green algae. Zanco Sci. J., Sulaimani University, Iraq, Series A, 4(1): 55-75.
[35]. Maulood, B.K., Hassan, F.M., AL-Lami, A.A., Toma, J.J. and Ismail, A.M. (2013). Checklist of Algal Flora in Iraq. 1st edition published in the Republic of Iraq, by Ministry of Environment, Bagdad.
[36]. Muhammed, A.Q.A. (2016). A phycolimnological study on some springs around Safeen mountain area. M.Sc. Thesis. Salahaddin University- Hawler, Iraqi Kurdistan region, Iraq.
[37]. Muhammad, S.A.M. (2004). An ecological study on the aquatic life of Serchnar spring, Chaq-chaq and Kliassan streams Sulaimani Kurdistan Region of Iraq. M.Sc. Thesis. University of Sulaimani.
[38]. Prescott, G.W. (1962). Algae of the western Great Lakes area. 2nd ed., W.C. Brown, Bubuque, Iowa.
[39]. Prescott, G.W. (1970). How to Know Freshwater Algae. 2nd ed., W.C. Brown. Dubuque, Iowa. 348 pp.
[40]. Prescott, G.W. (1970). Algae of the Western Great Lakes Area. Revised Ed. Wm. C. Brown Company Publishers. Dubuque, Lowa.
[41]. Rasuol, B.H. (2013). A phycolimnological study in ponds near Greater Zab River in Gwer area–Erbil. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Salahaddin.
[42]. Sdiq, K.H. (2015). Ecological and Physiological Studies on Some Algae Species growth in Dukan Lake\ Kurdistan Region of Iraq. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
[43]. Shekha, Y.A. (2009). Abiotic factors and their influences on phytoplankton density in Greater Zab River (Khabat Subdistrict-Erbil, Iraq). ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 21(2): 71-80.
[44]. Shrestha, S., Rai, S., & Dhakal, M. (2013). Algae of Itahari Municipality and its adjoining area, Eastern Nepal. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol., 1(1): 5-10.
[45]. Smith, G.M. (1950). The Freshwater Algae of the United States, 2nd Edn. McGraw-Hill, New York.
[46]. Stevenson, R.J., Bothwell, M.L. and Lowe, R.L. (1996). Algal ecology: freshwater benthic ecosystems. Academic Press. New York.
[47]. Toma, J., Hassan, F., Ismail, A., Alhassany, J., Hadi, R. & Maulood, B. (2012). A Contribution to Algal Flora in Baghdad Area, Iraq. J. Adv. Lab. Res. Biol., 3(2): 76-84.
[48]. Wehr, J.D. & Sheath, R.G. (2003). Freshwater algae of North America: ecology and classification. Amsterdam; Boston: Academic Press.
[49]. Zewayee, F.A.Q. (2011). A phycolimnological study on some springs and streams within Erbil province. M.Sc. Thesis. University of Salahaddin-Erbil, Iraq.
[2]. Abdulwahid, S.J. (2008). A phycolimnological study on some springs within Harir sub-district. Hawler-Kurdistan Region of Iraq. M.Sc. Thesis. University of Salahaddin – Hawler, Iraq.
[3]. Abdulwahid, S.J. (2012). Algal flora on some springs within Sherwan Mazn Subdistrict, Erbil- Kurdistan region of Iraq. J. Adv. Lab. Res. Biol., 3(4): 293-301.
[4]. Al-Mahdawi, M.M. and Ali, H.A. (2014). Fifteen new records for freshwater algae of Iraq. J. Int. Sci. Publ.: Ecol. Saf., 8(2): 574-582.
[5]. Aziz, F.H. (1997). A phycological study with particular reference to Rawanduz River path within Erbil province, Iraq. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Salahaddin, Iraq.
[6]. Aziz, F.H. (2006). Benthic algae responses to some ecological factors in mountainous stream Erbil-Iraq. Sci. J. of Babilon Univ., 13: 905-916.
[7]. Aziz, F.H. (2008). Further contribution of algae in higher mountain areas to Iraqi flora. Zanco J. Pure Appl. Sci., 4(20): 63-82.
[8]. Aziz, F.H. (2011). Checklist of the algal survey in Iraqi Kurdistan region – Iraq with particular references to habitats. Zanco J. Pure Appl. Sci., 23(3): 30-72.
[9]. Aziz, F.H. (2014). New record of the genus Porphyridium purpureum From Kurdistan. J. Adv. Lab. Res. Biol., 6(2): 54-57.
[10]. Aziz, F.H. and Rasoul, B.H. (2016). Thirty Two Algae New Records Reported in Ponds at Gwer Sub-District, Erbil-Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Bull. Iraq nat. Hist. Mus., 14(1): 27-41.
[11]. Aziz, F.H. and Maulood, B.K. (1999). A New Attempt for Publishing Keys of Taxonomy 4- Identification of Blue-green algae (Chroococcales and Chamaesiphonales). J. of Pure and Appl. Sci., Dohuk Univ., Iraq, (First Scientific Conference), 2(2): 231-255.
[12]. Aziz, F.H. and Ganjo, D.G.A. (2002). Nutrient status and algal flora in the Halgurd (Hasarost) mountain area within Erbil province, Iraq. Zanco Sci. J. of Duhok Univ., 5(2): P.1-12.
[13]. Aziz, F.H. and Maulood, B.K. (2002). Studies on Algal Species surving In Iraqi Kurdistan Region 1. Identification of non-filamentous green algae with the exception of Desmidiaceae. Sci. J. of Duhok Univ., 4(2): 153-164.
[14]. Aziz, F.H. & Abdulwahid, S.J. (2012). Database for evaluation water quality standards of Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Int. J. Environ. Water, 1(1): 66-79.
[15]. Aziz, F.H., Hassan, F.M. and Rasul, B.H. (2014). An Ecological Observation on Inland water Ecosystem in Erbil –Iraq Kurdistan with particular reference to blue-green algae Glaucospira. Baghdad Science Journal, 11(3): 1387-1396.
[16]. Bapeer, U.H.K. (2004). Ecological study on the distribution of algae in different aquatic habitats within Erbil province. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Salahaddin, Erbil, Iraq. 128 pp.
[17]. Bilbas, A.H.A. (2004). Phycolimnological study on some springs within Erbil province. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Salahaddin, Iraq.
[18]. Bold, H.C. & Wynne, M.J. (1985). Introduction to the algae: Structure and reproduction. 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice-Hall.
[19]. Bony, A.D. (1975). Phytoplankton. Edward Arnold Publisher, London, U.K, 116 pp.
[20]. Cambra, J. and Aboal, M. (1992). Filamentous green algae of Spain: distribution and ecology. Limnética, 8: 213-220.
[21]. Desikachary, T. V. (1959). Cyanophyta. I.C.A.R. monographs on algae. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India.
[22]. Drummond, C.S., Hall, J., Karol, K.G., Delwiche, C.F. and McCourt, R.M. (2005), Phylogeny of Spirogyra and Sirogonium (Zygnematophyceae) Based on rbcL Sequence Data. Journal of Phycology, 41: 1055-1064. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00130.x.
[23]. Ganjo, D.A. and Aziz, F.H. (1999). Limnology and phytoplankton ecology of Korre and Shaqllawa watercourses, Erbil, Iraq. 1- Water mineralization and nutrient status relations. Sci. J. of Duhok University-Special Issue. The first scientific conference of Dohuk University, 2(2): 213-230.
[24]. Goran, S.M.A. (2006). Limnological and non-diatom phytoplankton composition of Dilope spring and Kasnazan impoundment. M.Sc. Thesis. University of Salahaddin-Erbil.
[25]. Guest, E. (1966). Flora of Iraq. Vol. 1. Baghdad: Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Iraq.
[26]. Hamadamen, A.R. (2015). Eco-Phycological study of the Qandil mountain streams/ Sulaimani. M.Sc. Thesis. University of Salahaddin-Erbil.
[27]. Hama, R.H., Hamad, R.T. & Aziz, F.H. (2014). Climate change in relation to rainfall and temperature in Erbil province, Kurdistan, Iraq. Tunisian Association of Digital Geographic Information, 8th international congress, Geo Tunis, 2-6 April.
[28]. Hinton, G.C.F. and Maulood, B.K. (1980). Freshwater red algae, a new addition to the Iraqi algal flora. Nova Hedwigia, 33: 487-497.
[29]. Ibrahim, A.M.K. (1981). A study on the algal ecology of springs in Sulaimany province. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Sulaimany, Iraq.
[30]. John, D.M., Whitton, B.A. and Brook, A.J. (2011). The Freshwater Algal Flora of the British Isles: An Identification Guide to Freshwater and Terrestrial Algae. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, New York.
[31]. Kim, J.T., Boo, S.M. and Zakrys, B. (1998). Floristic and Taxonomic Accounts of the Genus Euglena (Euglenophyceae) from Korean Fresh Waters. Algae, 13(2): 173-197.
[32]. Kolbe, R.W. and Krieger, W. (1942). Süßwasseralgen aus Mesopotamien und Kurdistan. Ber. Dtsch. Bot. Ges., 60: 336-355.
[33]. Komarek, J. and Anagnostidis, K. (2005). Cyanoprokaryota -2. Teil/2nd Part: Oscillatoriales. Elsevier/Spektrum, Heidelberg, 759 pp.
[34]. Maulood, B.K. and Hinton, G.C.F. (1978b). Observations on the algal flora of Sulaimani area: 1- Green and blue-green algae. Zanco Sci. J., Sulaimani University, Iraq, Series A, 4(1): 55-75.
[35]. Maulood, B.K., Hassan, F.M., AL-Lami, A.A., Toma, J.J. and Ismail, A.M. (2013). Checklist of Algal Flora in Iraq. 1st edition published in the Republic of Iraq, by Ministry of Environment, Bagdad.
[36]. Muhammed, A.Q.A. (2016). A phycolimnological study on some springs around Safeen mountain area. M.Sc. Thesis. Salahaddin University- Hawler, Iraqi Kurdistan region, Iraq.
[37]. Muhammad, S.A.M. (2004). An ecological study on the aquatic life of Serchnar spring, Chaq-chaq and Kliassan streams Sulaimani Kurdistan Region of Iraq. M.Sc. Thesis. University of Sulaimani.
[38]. Prescott, G.W. (1962). Algae of the western Great Lakes area. 2nd ed., W.C. Brown, Bubuque, Iowa.
[39]. Prescott, G.W. (1970). How to Know Freshwater Algae. 2nd ed., W.C. Brown. Dubuque, Iowa. 348 pp.
[40]. Prescott, G.W. (1970). Algae of the Western Great Lakes Area. Revised Ed. Wm. C. Brown Company Publishers. Dubuque, Lowa.
[41]. Rasuol, B.H. (2013). A phycolimnological study in ponds near Greater Zab River in Gwer area–Erbil. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Salahaddin.
[42]. Sdiq, K.H. (2015). Ecological and Physiological Studies on Some Algae Species growth in Dukan Lake\ Kurdistan Region of Iraq. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
[43]. Shekha, Y.A. (2009). Abiotic factors and their influences on phytoplankton density in Greater Zab River (Khabat Subdistrict-Erbil, Iraq). ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 21(2): 71-80.
[44]. Shrestha, S., Rai, S., & Dhakal, M. (2013). Algae of Itahari Municipality and its adjoining area, Eastern Nepal. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol., 1(1): 5-10.
[45]. Smith, G.M. (1950). The Freshwater Algae of the United States, 2nd Edn. McGraw-Hill, New York.
[46]. Stevenson, R.J., Bothwell, M.L. and Lowe, R.L. (1996). Algal ecology: freshwater benthic ecosystems. Academic Press. New York.
[47]. Toma, J., Hassan, F., Ismail, A., Alhassany, J., Hadi, R. & Maulood, B. (2012). A Contribution to Algal Flora in Baghdad Area, Iraq. J. Adv. Lab. Res. Biol., 3(2): 76-84.
[48]. Wehr, J.D. & Sheath, R.G. (2003). Freshwater algae of North America: ecology and classification. Amsterdam; Boston: Academic Press.
[49]. Zewayee, F.A.Q. (2011). A phycolimnological study on some springs and streams within Erbil province. M.Sc. Thesis. University of Salahaddin-Erbil, Iraq.
Published
2016-07-01
How to Cite
Aziz, F., & Muhammed, A. (2016). Twenty new Records of Algae in some Springs around Safeen Mountain Area. Journal of Advanced Laboratory Research in Biology, 7(3), 79-85. Retrieved from https://e-journal.sospublication.co.in/index.php/jalrb/article/view/255
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