https://e-journal.sospublication.co.in:443/index.php/jalrb <p>Journal of Advanced Laboratory Research in Biology (ISSN: 0976-7614; CODEN: JALRC5) is an international, open access, peer-reviewed scholarly journal in the area of biological sciences and published quarterly by Society of Open Science.</p> Society of Open Science en-US Journal of Advanced Laboratory Research in Biology 0976-7614 <p><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.</p> https://e-journal.sospublication.co.in:443/index.php/jalrb/article/view/339 <p>Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious and common infectious disease of the liver, affecting millions of people worldwide. Infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) can lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer. The present study aims to assess the incidence rate of hepatitis B infection in Koya city between 2009 and 2019, among individuals undergoing surgery, marriage, blood transfusion, employed in hospitals or other health care centers, and foreigners. This descriptive-analytical study has been conducted on the individuals with hepatitis B virus visiting health centers in Koya city, demographic characteristics (age, gender and ethnicity) and epidemiologic information of the patients recorded at Koya health centers were analyzed. The total incidence rate reported was 230 cases between 2009 and 2019, in which 160 (69.6%) were males, and 70 (30.4%) were females. The highest number of cases recorded in 2014 in which the incidence rate has increased due to Syrian refugee settlements in Koya city. Surprisingly, the incidence rate show decline from 2014 to 2018. As the study results revealed, the disease incidence rate has shown a decline from 2014. This shows the improvement of education, health and hygiene as well as a good vaccination program. In our region, males are more at risk than females for getting the hepatitis B virus due to males' activity and daily jobs compared with females, which remain mostly at home.</p> Azhi Aram Kareem Dawan Jamal Hawezy Rukhosh Eshaq Mikha Copyright (c) 2020 Azhi Aram Kareem, Dawan Jamal Hawezy, Rukhosh Eshaq Mikha 2020-11-20 2020-11-20 11 4 53 57 https://e-journal.sospublication.co.in:443/index.php/jalrb/article/view/338 <p>The research data was collected from forests located at Haibat Sultan Mountain in Koya district for three years from 2014 to 2017. At the sampling location, fire outbreaks occur many times a year. This study aims to determine the environmental impacts of forest fire on vegetation and insects. This results in the identification of the most fire-resistant trees and the impact of burning on the environment. In the Haibat Sultan Mountain forest, four types of tree species are distinguished which are Pine, <em>Cupressus</em>, Pistachio and Oak, their contribution to cover the area is 63%, 19%, 15% and 3% respectively. Oak is the only native tree of the forest and one of the most resistant species, 93 percent of which can survive, but the other species <em>Cupressus</em>, Pine and Pistachio are introduced with different level of vulnerabilities, with 75%, 60% and 41% of combustion rates, respectively. Forest fire has a significant negative impact on the population of <em>Thaumetopoea solitaria Freyer and Schistocerca gregaria,</em> both of which are the main insects of the forest. The average of the number of egg masses of <em>Thaumetopoea solitaria</em> and nymph and adult of <em>Schistocerca gregaria</em> before the fire is (18.8 masses and 4.1 nymphs and adults), but the average declined dramatically to (3.3 masses and 0.9 nymphs and adults) during the fire season. In the post-fire season, the average is increased significantly (6.3 masses and 1.9 nymphs and adults).</p> Rostam Salam Aziz Rawaz Rostam Hamadamin Muzafer Kanaby Omer Copyright (c) 2020 Rostam Salam Aziz, Rawaz Rostam Hamadamin, Muzafer Kanaby Omer 2020-11-20 2020-11-20 11 4 58 65